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Recent Use of Novel Data Streams During Foodborne Illness Cluster Investigations by the United States Food and Drug Administration: Qualitative Review

Recent Use of Novel Data Streams During Foodborne Illness Cluster Investigations by the United States Food and Drug Administration: Qualitative Review

At the federal level, outbreaks are investigated when they involve cases in multiple states, implicate imported products, or when federal support is requested. Most of these outbreaks that involve known pathogens are traditionally initiated through laboratory-based surveillance systems with the identification of illness clusters by molecular subtyping of clinical isolates or case reports from ill individuals with a common exposure and illness who seek medical care.

Michael C Bazaco, Christina K Carstens, Tiffany Greenlee, Tyann Blessington, Evelyn Pereira, Sharon Seelman, Stranjae Ivory, Temesgen Jemaneh, Margaret Kirchner, Alvin Crosby, Stelios Viazis, Sheila van Twuyver, Michael Gwathmey, Tanya Malais, Oliver Ou, Stephanie Kenez, Nichole Nolan, Andrew Karasick, Cecile Punzalan, Colin Schwensohn, Laura Gieraltowski, Cary Chen Parker, Erin Jenkins, Stic Harris

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e58797

Using Laboratory Test Results for Surveillance During a New Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis in 3-Week- to 5-Year-Old Children in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Curaçao: Observational Cohort Study

Using Laboratory Test Results for Surveillance During a New Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis in 3-Week- to 5-Year-Old Children in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Curaçao: Observational Cohort Study

In the majority of outbreaks of infectious diseases, the number of mild cases is much higher than the number of severe cases [8]. In this hepatitis outbreak, milder, self-limiting cases (eg, without severe symptoms or jaundice) have not been reported. However, it is possible that this outbreak has been more widespread than recorded data suggest.

Maaike C Swets, Steven R Kerr, Brian MacKenna, Louis Fisher, Merel van Wijnen, Diederik Brandwagt, Paul W Schenk, Pieter Fraaij, Leonardus G Visser, Sebastian Bacon, Amir Mehrkar, Alistair Nichol, Patrick Twomey, Philippa C Matthews, ISARIC4C Hepatitis Study Group, Malcolm G Semple, Geert H Groeneveld, Ben Goldacre, Iain Jones, J Kenneth Baillie

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e55376

Spatiotemporal Cluster Detection for COVID-19 Outbreak Surveillance: Descriptive Analysis Study

Spatiotemporal Cluster Detection for COVID-19 Outbreak Surveillance: Descriptive Analysis Study

The median duration among all reported outbreaks was 8 days (range 1-151, IQR 4-14) and 10 days (range 1-151, IQR 5-16) among matched outbreaks. Among all reported outbreaks, the median size was 4 cases (range 2-256, IQR 2-7) and among matched outbreaks, it was 6 cases (range 2-232, IQR 3-14). Outbreaks in community settings (16/72, 22%; P=.01), congregate housing (44/212, 20.8%; P A reported outbreak could match with more than one cluster and vice versa.

Rachel Martonik, Caitlin Oleson, Ellyn Marder

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e49871

Using EpiCore to Enable Rapid Verification of Potential Health Threats: Illustrated Use Cases and Summary Statistics

Using EpiCore to Enable Rapid Verification of Potential Health Threats: Illustrated Use Cases and Summary Statistics

An analysis by Chan et al [5] based on WHO-verified outbreaks reported in Disease Outbreak News noted median time from “outbreak start” to “outbreak discovery” dropped from 29.5 days (95% CI 13-59 days) to 13.5 days (95% CI 3.5-44.5 days) during that time. More recently, the time to detection has been reduced due in part to the advancement of digital epidemiology, but the task of timely verification remains a challenge [5,6].

Nomita Divi, Jaś Mantero, Marlo Libel, Onicio Leal Neto, Marinanicole Schultheiss, Kara Sewalk, John Brownstein, Mark Smolinski

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e52093

Assessing Public Interest in Mpox via Google Trends, YouTube, and TikTok

Assessing Public Interest in Mpox via Google Trends, YouTube, and TikTok

To summarize, Google Trends remains a useful tool for analyzing the public response to local disease outbreaks [4]. This could hold future potential in monitoring the spread of disease even before statistical data indicate a local outbreak. Additional research is needed to investigate whether a temporal relationship between Google searches and local disease outbreaks exists.

Nicholas Comeau, Alyssa Abdelnour, Kurt Ashack

JMIR Dermatol 2023;6:e48827

Assessing the Role of Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemic, Disagreement, and Criticism

Assessing the Role of Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemic, Disagreement, and Criticism

The effect of health misinformation has also been found to be determinant in health decision-making during risky situations and outbreaks such as the H5 N1, Ebola, and Zika [5] viruses and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic [8,9]. Misleading messages have even hampered public health actions taken to tackle outbreaks [10-12].

Victor Suarez-Lledo, Javier Alvarez-Galvez

J Med Internet Res 2022;24(8):e36085

Identifying COVID-19 Outbreaks From Contact-Tracing Interview Forms for Public Health Departments: Development of a Natural Language Processing Pipeline

Identifying COVID-19 Outbreaks From Contact-Tracing Interview Forms for Public Health Departments: Development of a Natural Language Processing Pipeline

Known outbreaks that were already identified by the COVID-19 data team or were under investigation were also extracted from WEDSS and included in the report to prevent redundancy in targeted policy efforts. The most likely address for each named entity was also provided from the location-mapping tool, along with a predicted probability.

John Caskey, Iain L McConnell, Madeline Oguss, Dmitriy Dligach, Rachel Kulikoff, Brittany Grogan, Crystal Gibson, Elizabeth Wimmer, Traci E DeSalvo, Edwin E Nyakoe-Nyasani, Matthew M Churpek, Majid Afshar

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(3):e36119

Web-Based Apps for Responding to Acute Infectious Disease Outbreaks in the Community: Systematic Review

Web-Based Apps for Responding to Acute Infectious Disease Outbreaks in the Community: Systematic Review

In contrast to previous systematic reviews [16,17,28,29], we aimed to systematically review the literature describing web-based apps for indicator-based surveillance and response to acute communicable disease outbreaks in the community with regard to their design, implementation, and evaluation. The three key objectives of this review were to: Identify and describe the mobile and web-based apps that use surveillance data to respond to acute communicable disease outbreaks in the community.

Emma Quinn, Kai Hsun Hsiao, Isis Maitland-Scott, Maria Gomez, Melissa T Baysari, Zeina Najjar, Leena Gupta

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021;7(4):e24330

Social Media Surveillance for Outbreak Projection via Transmission Models: Longitudinal Observational Study

Social Media Surveillance for Outbreak Projection via Transmission Models: Longitudinal Observational Study

The prediction of epidemic outbreaks by dynamic models often involves significant error and generally needs to consider both underlying dynamics and noise related to both measurement and process evolution.

Anahita Safarishahrbijari, Nathaniel D Osgood

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019;5(2):e11615