JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

The National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is an evidence-based intervention proven to delay or prevent progression to type 2 diabetes, yet most at-risk people do not enroll. In Hawai’i, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) and Filipino adults experience disproportionately high rates of prediabetes and diabetes but have low DPP enrollment. From July to October 2024, the Hawai’i State Department of Health launched Beat Diabetes, a statewide media campaign encouraging DPP enrollment among at-risk adults, with a focus on NHOPI and Filipino communities.

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential role of digital health tools in enhancing pandemic preparedness and response. These tools became essential, supporting not only health care delivery but also decision-making, communication, case identification, contact tracing, surveillance, vaccination rollout, and intervention evaluation. The interest in applying digital health tools to pandemic preparedness and response motivated conversations about digital epidemiology—a field of study that aims to provide insight into health and disease determinants by leveraging diverse digital data sources. In a globalized world, effective preparedness and response to pandemics require coordinated global action.

Unlicensed medical practices (UMPs) pose a substantial threat to patient safety and public health, but their clandestine nature makes them difficult to monitor through conventional surveillance systems. Legal epidemiology offers a framework for using judicial data to study hidden health-related misconduct, and machine learning (ML) may help convert unstructured legal texts into analyzable public health information.

By 2015, the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant in the Greater Mekong Subregion threatened regional and global malaria control efforts. In response, Greater Mekong Subregion countries committed to malaria elimination by 2030, with strengthened surveillance as a strategic pillar. In 2017, Cambodia introduced an elimination-oriented digital Malaria Information System (MIS). Its health center app enables real-time, geo-located, case-based malaria reporting across primary health centers, and is fully integrated with the MIS.

Although motorcycle-based food delivery workers face a significant risk of accidents, previous research has primarily focused on traffic accidents, neglecting the multidimensional nature of safety, which includes perceived accident risk, near-miss experiences, and accident-related anxiety.

Aortic pathologies in general and acute aortic syndromes in particular are persistent public health concerns worldwide. Continuous efforts to monitor and update incidence rates are necessary for guided public health interventions and health care policy adaptation.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and HPV testing can facilitate early detection and timely intervention. However, evidence on the willingness to undergo different HPV testing modalities among MSM remains limited. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model provides a theoretical framework for understanding factors associated with the willingness to undergo HPV testing.

China accounts for more than 40% of new global cases and deaths from esophageal cancer, and has a relatively high rate of past-year alcohol use, reaching up to 27%. The incidence and risk factors of esophageal cancer exhibit marked age-related variation; however, the impact of alcohol consumption on the risk of esophageal cancer across different age groups remains poorly understood.

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability in China. Despite the nationwide poverty alleviation being achieved by 2020, residents of poverty-alleviated counties continue to experience poorer health outcomes. There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the evolving spatiotemporal patterns of stroke burden in this large postpoverty population.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple marker of insulin resistance, is associated with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, its association with ESKD in young adults remains unexplored.

Long-term surveillance of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors is increasingly important, but patients who survive a second OHCA are rarely characterized because of the scarcity of such cases. The nationwide claims-based health data provide an opportunity to identify this uncommon survivor population and evaluate postdischarge outcomes at the population level. Understanding the prognosis and care needs of second-time OHCA survivors may help inform postarrest surveillance, risk stratification, and long-term care planning.