JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

The COVID-19 pandemic amplified digital divides in Brazil, restricting vulnerable groups’ online access to health information and preventive guidance, with limited intersectional analyses of these inequities.

Positive expectancies of cannabis use (CPE), the beliefs about the anticipated positive effects of cannabis, are a robust cognitive precursor of adolescent cannabis initiation and escalation. However, little is known about how sociodemographic, familial, and psychopathology predict CPE or how CPE evolves across early adolescence.

Vaccine hesitancy has increased in recent decades internationally, which sets up a critical barrier to the rapid deployment of novel vaccines against infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Scales for measuring health literacy and numeracy have been broadly classified into performance-based (objective) and self-reported (subjective) scales. Both types of scales have been widely used in research and practice; however, they are not always consistent and may assess different latent constructs. Furthermore, an increasing number of objective measures have been developed and it is unclear how many latent factors should be assumed.

The burden of seasonal influenza on emergency department (ED) visits is poorly quantified due to case ascertainment and data availability challenges. This study estimates county-level respiratory ED visits attributable to influenza using time-series models and examines spatial heterogeneity in county-level burden in 3 states.

Online data collection can reach large populations efficiently and cost-effectively. However, the increase in bots and scammers (ie, person- or software-based fraudulent completions) completing online surveys raises data integrity issues and wastes scarce research resources.

To tackle the risk of emerging and re-emerging diseases, it is critical for countries with limited resources to prioritize endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern. One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains one of the most underdiagnosed chronic conditions worldwide, despite its major contribution to cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. In 2024, an estimated 589 million adults were living with diabetes globally, more than 90% of whom had T2D, and prevalence is projected to reach 853 million by 2050. In France, approximately 4.1 million adults are affected, and nearly one in four individuals with diabetes remain undiagnosed. Early detection is therefore essential to prevent complications. Workplace-based prevention strategies offer an opportunity to enhance early detection, particularly among employed adults with limited access to regular medical screening. In France, the Union Prévention Santé pour la Fonction publique (UROPS) has implemented a systematic glucose-screening program for civil servants to identify individuals at risk of T2D or prediabetes. Given that the French public service includes 5.7 million workers—around one in five of the national workforce—this setting provides a unique opportunity to reach large, diverse, and often underserved segments of the adult population.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, with an estimated 6.2 million deaths each year. In Bangladesh, data on stroke prevalence and risk factors in rural areas is limited.

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, requiring effective prevention and intervention strategies. Community-based BMI screening may enhance awareness of weight status, but its effectiveness remains uncertain.

Emerging studies suggest that exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic may have heightened the risks of neurodevelopmental disorders in infants (0–1-year-old); however, population-based studies investigating these associations in Chinese contexts remain scarce, particularly including the postpandemic phase.

Hainan is a pilot free trade port in China and a multiethnic province. Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) reflects health care inequity, particularly affecting vulnerable groups in rapidly developing multiethnic regions.