JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Sudden death due to cardiorespiratory arrest has a high mortality rate and often occurs outside hospital settings. Prompt initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by bystanders, along with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), has been shown to double survival rates. Given the challenges of ensuring timely emergency response in rural areas, implementing basic CPR training programs can help improve survival outcomes.

Geospatial analysis plays an essential role in informing targeted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention. The Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dehong (hereinafter referred to as Dehong), located along the China-Myanmar border in the Yunnan province, has been heavily impacted by HIV infection. Given the complex local epidemic context, particularly frequent cross-border population movement, there is an urgent need to apply spatiotemporal analytical approaches to guiding resource allocation. Existing evidence has demonstrated the substantial spatial variations of newly diagnosed HIV infection this region. However, these spatiotemporal variations have not been fully explored at a finer geographic and temporal resolution.

Visceral fat content, a key indicator of obesity, has been increasingly linked to chronic lung diseases (CLDs). However, the precise relationship between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and CLD remains unclear.

Rural US communities experience disproportionately high rates of visual disability yet have limited access to ophthalmologists. Teleophthalmology may help address these gaps, but its effectiveness depends on broadband connectivity. The relationship between broadband access and ophthalmologist density has not been well characterized.

Although health care providers are the most trusted sources of health information, service establishments within communities represent important, yet underused, sources of health information. Specifically, food and beauty establishments can act as alternative settings for health communication, facilitating broader engagement with the general population.

The endemic channel is a surveillance method that presents statistical indicators and visual representations of a disease’s historical dynamics. Its epidemic curve defines the central tendency of cases and their expected variation, providing 3 levels (ie, “safety,” “warning,” and “epidemic”) to assess the epidemiological status of a region. Parameters include the central tendency used as the epidemiological warning threshold (EWT), the size of the retrospective window, and the handling of previous outbreaks and zero values in data. The absence of clear guidelines for the selection of these parameters may compromise reproducibility and hinder outbreak definitions and responses for endemic diseases such as dengue.

Accurate small-area estimates of vaccination rates and disease burden can inform public health interventions.

With global aging, the burden of tuberculosis (TB) among older adults escalates, yet spatial studies on this group are scarce. In Chongqing, where 18.87% of the population are aged 65 years and older and TB burden is high, controlling older adult TB remains a major challenge.

Early detection of health threats is an objective of public health surveillance, and event-based surveillance (EBS) using unstructured information from diverse sources has played an increasingly important role in achieving this objective. However, the evaluation of EBS systems has been hindered by the lack of reference data on outbreak onsets.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may cause lasting vascular, cardiac, and renal damage, potentially increasing the risk of postpartum cardiovascular disease.

It is important to understand the motives behind why people want to reduce their alcohol consumption to inform messaging for public health campaigns.

Although recovery is a central tenet of the US substance use disorder service delivery system, empirical research on youth recovery remains limited and underdeveloped. Notably, no population-based representative surveys, either in the United States or internationally, currently assess recovery status among secondary school–aged youth (aged 14-18 years). Consequently, little is known about how many youth identify as being in recovery or about their characteristics and needs.