Associations Between Frailty and the Increased Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among 38,950 UK Biobank Participants With Prediabetes: Prospective Cohort Study

Xingqi Cao   ^{1, 2, 3} , MS ;   Xueqin Li   ^{1, 2, 3} , BS ;   Jingyun Zhang   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Xiaoyi Sun   ^{1, 2, 3} , BS ;   Gan Yang   ^{1, 2, 3} , BS ;   Yining Zhao   ^{1, 2, 3} , BS ;   Shujuan Li   ⁴ , MD ;   Emiel O Hoogendijk   ⁵ , PhD ;   Xiaofeng Wang   ^{6, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Yimin Zhu   ^{8 *} , PhD ;   Heather Allore   ⁹ , PhD ;   Thomas M Gill   ⁹ , MD ;   Zuyun Liu   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , PhD

¹ Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

² Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

³ The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

⁴ Department of Neurology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

⁵ Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

⁶ National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China

⁷ Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

⁸ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

*these authors contributed equally