Impact of Commercial Food Environments on Local Type 2 Diabetes Burden: Cross-Sectional and Ecological Multimodeling Study

Kurubaran Ganasegeran   ^{1, 2, 3, 4 *} , MBBS, MSc ;   Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf   ^{1 *} , MPH, PhD ;   Lance A Waller   ^{5 *} , MS, PhD ;   Nazarudin Safian   ¹ , MPH, PhD ;   Muhammad Faid Mohd Rizal   ⁶ , BSc, MSc ;   Wye Lee Chiew   ⁷ , MPH, DrPH ;   Feisul Mustapha   ⁸ , MPH ;   Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud   ^{6, 9} , MSc, PhD

¹ Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

² Clinical Research Centre, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia

³ Occupational Safety and Health Unit, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia

⁴ Public Health Unit, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia

⁵ Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

⁶ Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

⁷ Penang State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia

⁸ Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

⁹ Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*these authors contributed equally