Ambulance Services Attendance for Mental Health and Overdose Before and During COVID-19 in Canada and the United Kingdom: Interrupted Time Series Study

Graham Law   ¹ , PhD ;   Rhiannon Cooper   ^{2, 3} , MSc ;   Melissa Pirrie   ² , PhD ;   Richard Ferron   ^{3, 4} , MHM ;   Brent McLeod   ⁵ , MPH ;   Robert Spaight   ⁶ , MSc ;   A Niroshan Siriwardena   ¹ , PhD ;   Gina Agarwal   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Gina UK Canada Emergency Calls Data Analysis and GEospatial Mapping (EDGE) Consortium   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

¹ Community and Health Research Unit, School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom

² Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

³ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

⁴ Niagara Emergency Medical Services, Niagara, ON, Canada

⁵ Hamilton Paramedic Service, Hamilton, ON, Canada

⁶ East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom