Big Data, Natural Language Processing, and Deep Learning to Detect and Characterize Illicit COVID-19 Product Sales: Infoveillance Study on Twitter and Instagram

Tim Ken Mackey   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , MAS, PhD ;   Jiawei Li   ^{2, 3, 4} , MS ;   Vidya Purushothaman   ^{3, 5} , MBBS, MAS ;   Matthew Nali   ^{1, 3, 4} , BA ;   Neal Shah   ^{2, 3} , BS ;   Cortni Bardier   ⁶ , BA, MA ;   Mingxiang Cai   ^{3, 4} , MS ;   Bryan Liang   ³ , MD, JD, PhD

¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

² Department of Healthcare Research and Policy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

³ Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States

⁴ S-3 Research LLC, San Diego, CA, United States

⁵ Masters in Public Health Program, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego - School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁶ Masters Program in Global Health, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States