JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Adverse events associated with vaccination have been evaluated by epidemiological studies and more recently have gained additional attention with the emergency use authorization of several COVID-19 vaccines. As part of its responsibility to conduct postmarket surveillance, the US Food and Drug Administration continues to monitor several adverse events of special interest (AESIs) to ensure vaccine safety, including for COVID-19.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant complication in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), leading to increased mortality.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact worldwide, leading to widespread morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against COVID-19 is a critical tool in controlling the spread of the virus and reducing the severity of the disease. However, the rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have raised concerns about potential adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Understanding the temporal and spatial patterns of these AEFIs is crucial for an effective public health response and vaccine safety monitoring.

With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that eluded immunity from vaccines and prior infections, vaccine shortages and their effectiveness pose unprecedented challenges for governments to expand booster vaccination programs. Fractionation of vaccine doses might be an effective strategy to help society to face these challenges, which may have comparable efficacies in contrast with the standard doses.

Few studies focus on the equality of pain, and the relationship between pain and death is inconclusive. Investigating the distribution of pain and potential mortality risks is crucial for ameliorating painful conditions and devising targeted intervention measures.

Unmet need for health care is defined as an individual choosing to postpone or completely avoid necessary medical treatment, despite have a need for health care, which can worsen current conditions or contribute to new health problems. The emerging infodemic can be a barrier that prevents people from accessing quality health information that could contribute to lower levels of seeking medical care when needed.

There are positive and negative correlations in different directions between smoking and personality traits and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), while smoking may have a masking path between personality and HRQOL. Understanding the masking pathway of smoking between personality and HRQOL can help deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of psychosocial effects of smoking and provide new ideas for developing tobacco control strategies.

Parental health literacy is important to children's health and development, especially in the first three years. However, few studies have explored effective intervention strategies to improve parental literacy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a WeChat official account (WOA)-based intervention on parental health literacy of primary caregivers of children under three years.

Cycling is known to be beneficial for human health. Studies have suggested significant associations of physical activity with macroscale built environment and streetscapes. However, it remains unknown whether good streetscapes can amplify the benefits of favorable built environment to physical activity.

Electronic health records (EHRs) play an increasingly important role in delivering HIV care in low- and middle-income countries. The data collected are used for direct clinical care, quality improvement, program monitoring, public health interventions, and research. Despite widespread EHR use for HIV care in African countries, challenges remain, especially in collecting high-quality data.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre–diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) has been increasing among youth in recent decades in the United States, prompting an urgent need for understanding and identifying their associated risk factors. Such efforts, however, have been hindered by the lack of easily accessible youth pre-DM/DM data.

Behavioral differences exist between countries, regions, and religions. With rapid development in recent decades, an increasing number of international immigrants from different regions with different religions have settled in China. The degrees to which sexual behaviors— particularly risky sexual behaviors—differ by religion and geographical areas are not known.