JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Multimorbidity causes substantial disease and economic burdens on individuals and the health care system.

The initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic placed a tremendous strain on health care systems worldwide. To mitigate the spread of the virus, many countries implemented stringent nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which significantly altered human behavior both before and after their enactment. Despite these efforts, a precise assessment of the impact and efficacy of these NPIs, as well as the extent of human behavioral changes, remained elusive.

Fatal drug overdose surveillance informs prevention but is often delayed because of autopsy report processing and death certificate coding. Autopsy reports contain narrative text describing scene evidence and medical history (similar to preliminary death scene investigation reports) and may serve as early data sources for identifying fatal drug overdoses. To facilitate timely fatal overdose reporting, natural language processing was applied to narrative texts from autopsies.

Compared with adults with normal glucose metabolism, those with prediabetes tend to be frail. However, it remains poorly understood whether frailty could identify adults who are most at risk of adverse outcomes related to prediabetes.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a significant zoonotic disease mainly transmitted by rodents. However, the determinants of its spatiotemporal patterns in Northeast China remain unclear.

In some countries, including Japan—the leading country in terms of longevity, life expectancy has been increasing; meanwhile, healthy life years have not kept pace, necessitating an effective health policy to narrow the gap.

Reducing care lapses for people living with HIV is critical to ending the HIV epidemic and beneficial for their health. Predictive modeling can identify clinical factors associated with HIV care lapses. Previous studies have identified these factors within a single clinic or using a national network of clinics, but public health strategies to improve retention in care in the United States often occur within a regional jurisdiction (eg, a city or county).

With COVID-19 being a newly evolving disease, its response measures largely depend on the practice of and compliance with personal protective measures (PPMs).

Depression escalating public health concern and the modest efficacy of currently available treatments have prompted efforts to identify modifiable risk factors associated with depression symptoms. Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, or other lifestyle behaviors are among the potentially modifiable risk factors most consistently linked with depression. Past evidence regarding the single effect of physical activity (PA) or dietary quality (DQ) on reducing the risk of depression symptoms has been well-documented. However, the association of the joint effect of PA and DQ on depression symptoms has never been investigated in a representative sample of adults.

The recently published “Life’s Essential 8” (LE8) by the American Heart Association has overcome some limitations in evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH) in the previous “Life’s Simple 7.”

Vaccine safety surveillance is a core component of vaccine pharmacovigilance. In Canada, active, participant-centered vaccine surveillance is available for influenza vaccines and has been used for COVID-19 vaccines.

The association between metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.