Published on in Vol 12 (2026)

1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
2 Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
3 Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
4 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
5 WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
*these authors contributed equally
