Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) Components and Precocious Puberty Among School-Aged Children: Cross-Sectional Study

Xuelian Zhou   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Xiaochi Zhang   ^{2, 3 *} , BS ;   Guannan Bai   ⁴ , PhD ;   Guanping Dong   ¹ , MD ;   Xinyi Li   ^{2, 3} , BS ;   Ruimin Chen   ⁵ , MM ;   Shaoke Chen   ⁶ , MM ;   Rongxiu Zheng   ⁷ , MD ;   Chunlin Wang   ⁸ , MD ;   Haiyan Wei   ⁹ , MM ;   Bingyan Cao   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Yan Liang   ¹¹ , MD ;   Hui Yao   ¹² , MD ;   Zhe Su   ¹³ , MD ;   Mireguli Maimaiti   ¹⁴ , MD ;   Feihong Luo   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Pin Li   ¹⁶ , MD ;   Min Zhu   ¹⁷ , MM ;   Hongwei Du   ¹⁸ , MD ;   Yu Yang   ¹⁹ , MD ;   Lanwei Cui   ²⁰ , MD ;   Jinling Wang   ¹ , MD ;   Jinna Yuan   ¹ , MD ;   Zhuang Liu   ²¹ , MD ;   Wei Wu   ¹ , MD ;   Qi Zhao   ^{2, 3, 22} , PhD ;   Junfen Fu   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China

² Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China

³ Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China

⁴ Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China

⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University Central Hospital, Tianjin, China

⁸ Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

⁹ Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China

¹⁰ Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Medical Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China

¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

¹² Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China

¹³ Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China

¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China

¹⁵ Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

¹⁶ Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

¹⁷ Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

¹⁸ Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

¹⁹ Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China

²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China

²¹ Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China

²² Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia

*these authors contributed equally