Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust and Silicosis Risk in Chinese Noncoal Mines: Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment

Kai Liu   ¹ , MMed ;   Xin Sun   ¹ , PhD ;   Wei-Jiang Hu   ¹ , MMed ;   Liang-Ying Mei   ² , MMed ;   Heng-Dong Zhang   ³ , PhD ;   Shi-Biao Su   ⁴ , MMed ;   Kang Ning   ⁵ , PhD ;   Yun-Feng Nie   ⁶ , MMed ;   Le-Ping Qiu   ⁷ , MMed ;   Ying Xia   ² , PhD ;   Lei Han   ³ , PhD ;   Qiang Zhi   ⁸ , BMed ;   Chun-Bo Shi   ⁹ , BMed ;   Geng Wang   ⁹ , BMed ;   Wei Wen   ⁴ , MMed ;   Jian-Qiong Gao   ⁸ , MMed ;   Bing Yu   ¹⁰ , BMed ;   Xin Wang   ¹ , MMed ;   Yi-Wen Dong   ¹ , MMed ;   Ning Kang   ¹ , MMed ;   Feng Han   ¹ , PhD ;   Hong-Ying Bian   ¹ , MMed ;   Yong-Qing Chen   ¹ , BMed ;   Meng Ye   ¹ , PhD

¹ National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

² Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China

³ Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China

⁴ Institute of Occupational Health Assessment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China

⁵ Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China

⁶ Department of Health Risk Assessment, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China

⁷ Institute of Occupational Health and Radiological Health, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China

⁸ Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China

⁹ Institute of Occupational Health and Public Health, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China

¹⁰ Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, China