Pharmaceutical Agents as Potential Drivers in the Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Case-Control Study

Irit Ben-Aharon   ^{1 *} , DPhil, MD ;   Ran Rotem   ^{2 *} , DPhil ;   Cheli Melzer-Cohen   ³ , MSci ;   Gilad Twig   ^{4, 5, 6} , MD ;   Andrea Cercek   ⁷ , MD ;   Elizabeth Half   ¹ , MD ;   Tal Goshen-Lago   ¹ , BA ;   Gabriel Chodik   ^{5 *} , DPhil ;   David Kelsen   ^{7, 8 *} , MD

¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel

² Harvard T Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States

³ KSM Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel

⁴ The Institute of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel

⁵ Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

⁶ Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel

⁷ Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States

⁸ Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States

*these authors contributed equally