Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Farhana Khanam   ^{2 *} , MBBS ;   Faisal Ahmmed   ² , MSc ;   Xinxue Liu   ³ , PhD ;   Md Taufiqul Islam   ² , MBBS ;   Deok Ryun Kim   ¹ , PhD ;   Sophie SY Kang   ¹ , MSc ;   Justin Im   ¹ , PhD ;   Fahima Chowdhury   ² , MBBS ;   Tasnuva Ahmed   ² , MBBS ;   Asma Binte Aziz   ¹ , MBBS ;   Masuma Hoque   ² , MBBS ;   Juyeon Park   ¹ , MSc ;   Gideok Pak   ¹ , MSc ;   Hyon Jin Jeon   ¹ , MSc ;   Khalequ Zaman   ² , PhD ;   Ashraful Islam Khan   ² , PhD ;   Jerome H Kim   ¹ , MD ;   Florian Marks   ^{1, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Firdausi Qadri   ² , PhD ;   John D Clemens   ^{1, 2} , MD

¹ Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh

³ Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

⁴ Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

⁵ Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar

*these authors contributed equally