Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 Hospitalized in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study

Hashaam Akhtar   ¹ , PhD ;   Sundas Khalid   ² , MPhil ;   Fazal ur Rahman   ³ , MBBS ;   Muhammad Umar   ⁴ , MBBS ;   Sabahat Ali   ⁵ , MBBS ;   Maham Afridi   ⁶ , MPhil ;   Faheem Hassan   ⁷ , MSc ;   Yousef Saleh Khader   ⁸ , BDS, MSPH ;   Nasim Akhtar   ⁹ , MBBS ;   Muhammad Mujeeb Khan   ¹⁰ , MBBS ;   Aamer Ikram   ¹¹ , MBBS, PhD

¹ Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

² School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

³ Department of Medicine, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

⁴ Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

⁵ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁶ Department of Biotechnology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁷ CT Angiography Department, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

⁸ Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan

⁹ Department of Infectious Diseases, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

¹⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

¹¹ Department of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan