The Prevalence of Sexual Behavior Stigma Affecting Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Across Sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States

Shauna Stahlman   ¹ , MPH, PhD ;   Travis Howard Sanchez   ² , MPH, DVM ;   Patrick Sean Sullivan   ² , PhD, DVM ;   Sosthenes Ketende   ¹ , MSc ;   Carrie Lyons   ¹ , MPH ;   Manhattan E Charurat   ³ , PhD ;   Fatou Maria Drame   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Daouda Diouf   ⁴ , MSc ;   Rebecca Ezouatchi   ⁶ , MA ;   Seni Kouanda   ^{7, 8} ;   Simplice Anato   ⁹ , MA ;   Tampose Mothopeng   ¹⁰ ;   Zandile Mnisi   ¹¹ , BNSc ;   Stefan David Baral   ¹ , MPH, MD

¹ Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

² Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

³ Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States

⁴ Enda Santé, Dakar, Senegal

⁵ Department of Geography, School of Social Sciences, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

⁶ Enda Santé, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire

⁷ Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé-IRSS, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

⁸ Institut Africain de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

⁹ Arc-en-ciel, Lomé, Togo

¹⁰ Matrix Support Group, Maseru, Lesotho

¹¹ Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Swaziland