Published on in Vol 11 (2025)
1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
2 NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
3 Shandong Provincial Key New Think Tank, Center for Health Management and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
4 Hainan Institute for Health Development Studies, Haikou, Hainan, China
5 Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
*these authors contributed equally
