Gender Disparities in the Association Between Educational Attainment and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Study

Yi Ding   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Xianglin Wu   ^{1 *} , Msc ;   Qiuyu Cao   ¹ , PhD ;   Jiaojiao Huang   ¹ , PhD ;   Xiaoli Xu   ¹ , MD ;   Youjin Jiang   ¹ , MSc ;   Yanan Huo   ² , MD ;   Qin Wan   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Yingfen Qin   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Ruying Hu   ⁵ , PhD ;   Lixin Shi   ⁶ , MD ;   Qing Su   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Xuefeng Yu   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Li Yan   ⁹ , MD, PhD ;   Guijun Qin   ¹⁰ , MD, PhD ;   Xulei Tang   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Gang Chen   ¹² , MD, PhD ;   Min Xu   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Tiange Wang   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Zhiyun Zhao   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Zhengnan Gao   ¹³ , MD, PhD ;   Guixia Wang   ¹⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Feixia Shen   ¹⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Zuojie Luo   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Li Chen   ¹⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Qiang Li   ¹⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Zhen Ye   ⁵ , MPH ;   Yinfei Zhang   ¹⁸ , MD ;   Chao Liu   ¹⁹ , MD, PhD ;   Youmin Wang   ²⁰ , MD, PhD ;   Tao Yang   ²¹ , MD, PhD ;   Huacong Deng   ²² , MD, PhD ;   Lulu Chen   ²³ , MD, PhD ;   Tianshu Zeng   ²³ , MD, PhD ;   Jiajun Zhao   ²⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Yiming Mu   ²⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Shengli Wu   ²⁶ , MD ;   Yuhong Chen   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Jieli Lu   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Weiqing Wang   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Guang Ning   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Yu Xu   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Yufang Bi   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Mian Li   ¹ , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China

² Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

³ The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

⁴ The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

⁵ Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China

⁶ Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China

⁷ Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

⁸ Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

⁹ Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

¹⁰ The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

¹¹ The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

¹² Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

¹³ Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China

¹⁴ The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

¹⁵ The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

¹⁶ Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

¹⁷ The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China

¹⁸ Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China

¹⁹ Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China

²⁰ The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

²¹ The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

²² The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

²³ Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

²⁴ Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China

²⁵ Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China

²⁶ Karamay Municipal People’s Hospital, Karamay, China

*these authors contributed equally