Generating Contextual Variables From Web-Based Data for Health Research: Tutorial on Web Scraping, Text Mining, and Spatial Overlay Analysis

Pablo Galvez-Hernandez   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Angelina Gonzalez-Viana   ³ , PhD ;   Luis Gonzalez-de Paz   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Ketan Shankardass   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Carles Muntaner   ^{1, 8} , PhD

¹ Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Health Department, Barcelona, Spain

⁴ Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain

⁵ Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut Barcelona Esquerra, Barcelona, Spain

⁶ Department of Heath Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada

⁷ MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁸ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada