Risk Factors of COVID-19 Critical Outcomes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Multicountry Retrospective Study

Faris Lami   ¹ , PhD ;   Maisa Elfadul   ² , MD ;   Hiba Rashak   ³ , MSc ;   Mohannad Al Nsour   ⁴ , MSc, MD, PhD ;   Hashaam Akhtar   ⁵ , PhD ;   Yousef Khader   ⁶ , ScD ;   Ahmed M Hussein   ⁷ , MPH ;   Mariam Naciri   ⁸ , PhD ;   Sahar Samy   ⁹ , MSc ;   Yasser Ghaleb   ¹⁰ , MSc ;   Hana Taha   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Alaa Hussein   ¹² , MBChB ;   Nameer A Ali   ¹³ , MBChB ;   Raheem Hussein   ¹³ , MBChB ;   Aamer Ikram   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Fazal ur Rahman   ¹⁵ , MAE ;   Mohammad Mujeeb Khan   ¹⁶ , PhD ;   Reema Adam   ¹⁷ , MAE ;   Abdulrazaq Yusuf Ahmed   ¹⁸ , MD ;   Salma Afifi   ¹⁹ , MPH

¹ Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

² Public and Tropical Health programs, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

³ Ministry of Health, Directorate of Public Health, Baghdad, Iraq

⁴ The Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Global Health Development, Amman, Jordan

⁵ Yusra Medical and Dental Collage, Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, Jordan

⁷ Public Health Department, Somali International University, Magadishu, Somalia

⁸ Research Center Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

⁹ Communicable Disease Control Department - Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt

¹⁰ Yemen Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen

¹¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

¹² Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Babel Health Directorate, Babel, Iraq

¹³ Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq

¹⁴ National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan

¹⁵ Medical Unit 1 Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

¹⁶ Infectious Diseases Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

¹⁷ Federal Ministry of Health, Directorate of Emergency and Humantarian Actions, Khartoum, Sudan

¹⁸ Minstry of Health, Demartino Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia

¹⁹ Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt