Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Antimicrobial Drugs Sold by Online Pharmacies That Do Not Require a Prescription: Multiphase Observational, Content Analysis, and Product Evaluation Study

Tim Ken Mackey   ^{1, 2, 3} , MAS, PhD ;   Alan K Jarmusch   ⁴ , PhD ;   Qing Xu   ^{3, 5} , MAS ;   Kunyang Sun   ⁴ , BS ;   Aileen Lu   ⁴ , BS ;   Shaden Aguirre   ⁴ , BS ;   Jessica Lim   ⁴ , BS ;   Simran Bhakta   ⁴ , BS ;   Pieter C Dorrestein   ^{4, 6, 7} , PhD

¹ Global Health Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

² Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States

³ S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States

⁴ Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁵ Department of Healthcare Technology and Policy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁶ Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States