The Relationship Between the Global Burden of Influenza From 2017 to 2019 and COVID-19: Descriptive Epidemiological Assessment

Stefan David Baral   ^{1 *} , MPH, MD ;   Katherine Blair Rucinski   ^{1 *} , MPH, PhD ;   Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema   ^{1 *} , MPH, MD ;   Amrita Rao   ^{1 *} , ScM ;   Neia Prata Menezes   ^{1 *} , MPH ;   Daouda Diouf   ^{2 *} , MS ;   Adeeba Kamarulzaman   ^{3 *} , MBBS, FRACP ;   Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya   ^{4 *} , PhD ;   Sharmistha Mishra   ^{5, 6 *} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

² ENDA Santé, Dakar, Senegal

³ Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁴ Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

⁵ Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁶ Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

*all authors contributed equally