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Public Health Discussions on Social Media: Evaluating Automated Sentiment Analysis Methods

Public Health Discussions on Social Media: Evaluating Automated Sentiment Analysis Methods

Marijuana, for example, can be discussed as a gateway drug (negative sentiment) and also from a harm reduction perspective as a substitute for opioids and other harmful street drugs (positive sentiment). Classifying the data by sentiment enables researchers to explore diverse perspectives of the digital public, potentially leading to health policy insights.

Lisa M Gandy, Lana V Ivanitskaya, Leeza L Bacon, Rodina Bizri-Baryak

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e57395

Peer Intervention to Link Overdose Survivors to Treatment (PILOT): Protocol for a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted Within the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network

Peer Intervention to Link Overdose Survivors to Treatment (PILOT): Protocol for a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted Within the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network

One of the greatest risk factors for a fatal overdose is experiencing a nonfatal overdose involving opioids (NFOO) in the previous year. Indeed, 6% to 10% of individuals who experience an NFOO die in the following year [3-5]. Survivors of NFOOs most commonly die of another overdose (67%) [3], with the highest risk period being the month following NFOO [5]. Interventions that reduce the risk of a subsequent overdose among NFOO survivors would substantially impact premature mortality.

Carrie Papa, Erin A McClure, Jenna McCauley, Louise Haynes, Timothy Matheson, Richard Jones, Lindsey Jennings, Tricia Lawdahl, Ralph Ward, Kathleen Brady, Kelly Stephenson Barth

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e60277

Design and Implementation of an Opioid Scorecard for Hospital System–Wide Peer Comparison of Opioid Prescribing Habits: Observational Study

Design and Implementation of an Opioid Scorecard for Hospital System–Wide Peer Comparison of Opioid Prescribing Habits: Observational Study

The United States is in an opioid epidemic originally partially fueled by legitimate but inappropriate rates of opioid prescriptions [1-4], with additional waves associated with nonprescription opioids [5]. Reducing inappropriate opioid prescribing by health care providers is a key element of mitigating the risk of long-term opioid use and potential dependence for patients [6-10].

Benjamin Heritier Slovis, Soonyip Huang, Melanie McArthur, Cara Martino, Tasia Beers, Meghan Labella, Jeffrey M Riggio, Edmund deAzevedo Pribitkin

JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e44662

The Association of Broadband Internet Use With Drug Overdose Mortality Rates in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis

The Association of Broadband Internet Use With Drug Overdose Mortality Rates in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis

Opioids, either obtained illicitly or as a prescription, accounted for approximately 75% of the total drug overdose deaths in 2020 [1,2]. Recent numbers suggest an acceleration of both drug and opioid overdose deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the United States experiencing the largest number of drug overdose deaths during this period (93,300 deaths) compared to that reported in any given year within the last 2 decades.

Ioannis Karakis, Genti Kostandini, Konstantinos Tsamakis, Velma Zahirovic-Herbert

Online J Public Health Inform 2024;16:e52686

Users' Acceptability and Perceived Efficacy of mHealth for Opioid Use Disorder: Scoping Review

Users' Acceptability and Perceived Efficacy of mHealth for Opioid Use Disorder: Scoping Review

Excess levels of opioids may lead to respiratory depression and cardiopulmonary failure, resulting in loss of consciousness and death [3,4]. It is treated with naloxone, an antagonist that prevents opioid-related fatalities [5,6]. Thus, it is essential to find ways to manage opioid use disorder (OUD) and prevent overdose. A study reviewing smartphone apps that were commercially available until 2019 found that there was a lack of evidence on their ability to be useful for monitoring OUD [7].

Lynnette Nathalie Lyzwinski, Mohamed Elgendi, Carlo Menon

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024;12:e49751

The Feasibility of Using the National PulsePoint Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Responder Network to Facilitate Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

The Feasibility of Using the National PulsePoint Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Responder Network to Facilitate Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Even before the formal declaration of a public health emergency around opioids, the Department of Health and Human Services included expanded use and distribution of naloxone in its 3 priority areas to address the overdose epidemic [8].

Jon Agley, Cris Henderson, Dong-Chul Seo, Maria Parker, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie Dickinson, David Tidd

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57280

Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report

Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report

In the state of Indiana, where this study was conducted, preliminary data indicate 2250 overdose deaths in 2022 [5], around 71% of which involved fentanyl or other synthetic opioids [5]. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, works by blocking the effects of opioids and can allow persons who have overdosed to resume normal breathing [6]. It is a safe and effective way to rapidly reverse the effects of opioid overdose and can prevent death [6,7].

Lori Ann Eldridge, Beth E Meyerson, Jon Agley

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54077

Benefits, Harms, and Stakeholder Perspectives Regarding Opioid Therapy for Pain in Individuals With Metastatic Cancer: Protocol for a Descriptive Cohort Study

Benefits, Harms, and Stakeholder Perspectives Regarding Opioid Therapy for Pain in Individuals With Metastatic Cancer: Protocol for a Descriptive Cohort Study

Although more rare, opioid overdoses can occur (256 per 100,000 person-years among people recently prescribed opioids vs 36 per 100,000 years among those not prescribed opioids) [23,24]. In studies of noncancer pain, opioid-related harms are consistently related to both ingestion of high-dose opioids (ie, >90 mg morphine equivalents) and coprescription of sedating medications (benzodiazepines and gabapentin) [25-28].

Katie Fitzgerald Jones, Gretchen White, Antonia Bennett, Hailey Bulls, Paula Escott, Sarah Orris, Elizabeth Escott, Stacy Fischer, Megan Hamm, Tamar Krishnamurti, Risa Wong, Thomas W LeBlanc, Jane Liebschutz, Salimah Meghani, Cardinale Smith, Jennifer Temel, Christine Ritchie, Jessica S Merlin

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e54953

The Finnegan Score for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Revisited With Routine Electronic Data: Retrospective Study

The Finnegan Score for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Revisited With Routine Electronic Data: Retrospective Study

When exposure to opioids ends, neonates may develop withdrawal symptoms [1]. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), also referred to as neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, can be subdivided into primary NAS due to prenatal opioid abuse by (or treatment of) the mother, and iatrogenic NAS (i NAS) when neonates are treated with opioids. Primary NAS may develop in more than 90% of infants after intrauterine opiate exposure [2].

Till Rech, Kerstin Rubarth, Christoph Bührer, Felix Balzer, Christof Dame

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024;7:e50575