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Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh

Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh

Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a deadly febrile illness caused by the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) [1,2]. Based on 2019 data, approximately 9 million people contract typhoid annually, leading to 110,000 deaths [3]. Common symptoms include persistent fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and digestive issues, and occasionally a rash [2,3]. Severe cases of typhoid fever can have life-threatening complications and result in fatality [4].

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Xinxue Liu, Md Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Sophie SY Kang, Justin Im, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Asma Binte Aziz, Masuma Hoque, Juyeon Park, Gideok Pak, Hyon Jin Jeon, Khalequ Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Jerome H Kim, Florian Marks, Firdausi Qadri, John D Clemens

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023;9:e41207