Accessibility settings

Published on in Vol 12 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/86209, first published .
Close-up of a brown and white cow's face in a grassy field behind a fence.

Multimodal Data Approaches for Examining the 2024-2025 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in the United States: Descriptive Study

Multimodal Data Approaches for Examining the 2024-2025 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in the United States: Descriptive Study

Juliana Sopko   1 , MPH ;   Aimee R Han   1 , MS ;   Jacqueline Powers   1 , MPH ;   Jacquelin A Sauer   1 , MPH ;   Mansi Avunoori   1 , MPH ;   Stanislaw Zakrzewski   2 , MS ;   Allison Krugman   3 , MPH ;   Abhishek Dasgupta   4, 5 , DPhil ;   Kara Sewalk   1 , MPH ;   Autumn Gertz   1 , MS ;   Benjamin Rader   1, 6 , PhD ;   James Sheldon   7 , MS ;   Brennan Klein   8, 9 , PhD ;   Jessica Malaty Rivera   1 , MS ;   Moritz U G Kraemer   4, 5 , PhD ;   Samuel V Scarpino   7, 8, 10, 11, 12 , PhD ;   John S Brownstein   1, 13 , PhD

1 Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

2 Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

3 Council on Foreign Relations, New York, NY, United States

4 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

5 Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

6 Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States

7 Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States

8 Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States

9 Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States

10 Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States

11 Vermont Complex Systems Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States

12 Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States

13 Harvard Medical School, University of Ngaoundéré, Boston, Cameroon

Corresponding Author: