Prevalence and Associated Factors of Renal Disease in Saudi Residents Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

Saad Alshahrani   ¹ , MD ;   Ashraf A El-Metwally   ^{2, 3, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Awad Alshahrani   ^{3, 5, 6} , MD ;   Badr F Al-Khateeb   ^{3, 5, 6} , MD, SBFM, ABFM ;   Aljohrah Ibrahim Aldubikhi   ⁷ , PhD ;   Khadijah Angawi   ⁸ , PhD ;   Amani Alharthy   ⁹ , MPH, DrPH ;   Lubna Alnaim   ^{3, 4, 10} , PhD ;   Amal Mousa Zaidan   ^{2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Raed Aldahash   ^{3, 5, 6} , MD

¹ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

² College of Public Health & Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

³ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

⁴ Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁵ College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁶ King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁷ College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁸ Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

⁹ Department of Health Science, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

¹⁰ Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia