Published on in Vol 11 (2025)

1 Department of Nursing, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
2 School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
3 Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
4 Department of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
5 School of nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
6 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
*these authors contributed equally
