@Article{info:doi/10.2196/45521,
author="Li, Cheng
and Li, Yanzhi
and Zhao, Min
and Zhang, Cheng
and Bovet, Pascal
and Xi, Bo",
title="Using the New ``Life's Essential 8'' Metrics to Evaluate Trends in Cardiovascular Health Among US Adults From 2005 to 2018: Analysis of Serial Cross-sectional Studies",
journal="JMIR Public Health Surveill",
year="2023",
month="May",
day="8",
volume="9",
pages="e45521",
keywords="trends; cardiovascular health; primordial prevention; adult; nutrition examination; survey; diet; physical activity; data collection; cross-sectional",
abstract="Background: The recently published ``Life's Essential 8'' (LE8) by the American Heart Association has overcome some limitations in evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH) in the previous ``Life's Simple 7.'' Objective: We aimed to examine the secular trends in CVH, as assessed by the LE8, in US adults from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018, we calculated the age-standardized mean scores of overall CVH and each of the LE8 components, where a higher score (range 0-100 points) means a better health status. A total of 21,667 adults aged 20-79 years were included in this analysis. Results: The overall CVH did not significantly change between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 (65.5, 95{\%} CI 63.9-67.1 to 65.0, 95{\%} CI 62.8-67.1; P=.82). The individual metrics did not significantly change for diet (41.0, 95{\%} CI 38.0-43.9 to 41.5, 95{\%} CI 36.5-46.6; P=.94), physical activity (57.5, 95{\%} CI 53.0-61.9 to 53.0, 95{\%} CI 48.7-57.3; P=.26), and blood pressure (68.4, 95{\%} CI 65.2-71.5 to 68.6, 95{\%} CI 65.3-71.9, P=.35), improved for nicotine exposure (64.7, 95{\%} CI 61.1-68.4 to 71.9, 95{\%} CI 67.7-76.2; P<.001), sleep health (83.7, 95{\%} CI 81.6-85.7 to 84.1, 95{\%} CI 81.2-87.1; P=.006), and blood lipids (61.6, 95{\%} CI 59.1-64.0 to 67.0, 95{\%} CI 63.5-70.4; P<.001), and worsened for BMI (63.4, 95{\%} CI 59.7-67.1 to 56.2, 95{\%} CI 52.5-59.9; P<.001) and blood glucose (83.9, 95{\%} CI 82.4-85.4 to 77.4, 95{\%} CI 74.5-80.3; P<.001). Conclusions: According to the LE8, the overall CVH did not change among US adults from 2005 to 2018, as well as 3 components (diet, physical activity, and blood pressure). Other metrics such as nicotine exposure, blood lipids, and sleep health improved, while BMI and blood glucose deteriorated over time. ",
issn="2369-2960",
doi="10.2196/45521",
url="https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e45521",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/45521",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37155232"
}