@Article{info:doi/10.2196/51449,
author="Cheng, Wei
and Xu, Yun
and Jiang, Haibo
and Li, Jun
and Hou, Zhigang
and Meng, Haibin
and Wang, Wei
and Chai, Chengliang
and Jiang, Jianmin",
title="SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey",
journal="JMIR Public Health Surveill",
year="2024",
month="Apr",
day="17",
volume="10",
pages="e51449",
keywords="associated factors; COVID-19; hospitalization; infection; people living with HIV; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant",
abstract="Background: Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV. Objective: This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone or web-based survey was conducted among people living with HIV in 5 cities in southeastern China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization, and HIV-specific characteristics were collected from existing databases and special investigations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors for infection and hospitalization rates of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted for the association between vaccination and infection across different vaccination statuses and time since the last vaccination. Results: Among people living with HIV with a COVID-19 testing history, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 67.13{\%} (95{\%} CI 65.81{\%}-68.13{\%}), whereas the hospitalization rate was 0.71{\%} (95{\%} CI 0.46{\%}-0.97{\%}). Factors such as age, latest CD4 cell count, latest HIV viral load, and transmission route were found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while age, cancer, latest CD4 cell count, and latest HIV viral load were associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. In terms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared to unvaccinated people living with HIV, there was a lower infection rate among those who had been vaccinated for <3 months in the booster vaccination group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.72, 95{\%} CI 0.53-0.98; P=.04); and there was also a lower risk of hospitalization among people living with HIV who had received vaccination in the past 6-12 months (aOR 0.33, 95{\%} CI 0.14-0.81; P=.02) and more than 12 months ago (aOR 0.22, 95{\%} CI 0.07-0.72; P=.01). Conclusions: After the ease of prevention and control measures in China, we observed a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate but a low hospitalization rate. General risk factors, such as higher age and vaccination status, and HIV-related parameters, such as the latest CD4 cell count and HIV viral load, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. A booster vaccination campaign for booster doses should be considered among people living with HIV in confronting possible COVID-19 epidemic emergencies in the near future. ",
issn="2369-2960",
doi="10.2196/51449",
url="https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e51449",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/51449",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38630534"
}